| Bovidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific Classification | |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Mammalia |
| Order | Artiodactyla |
| Family | Bovidae |
Bovidae is a family from the Artiodactyla order. They are cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammal which has males with the characteristic of unbranching horns covered in a permanent sheath of keratin. The family is widespread, being native to Asia, Africa, Europe and North America, and diverse: members include Bison, African buffalo, Water buffalo, Antelopes, Gazelles, Sheep,Goats, Muskoxen, and Domestic cattle.
Appearance[]
All bovids have four toes on each foot – they walk on the central two (the hooves), while the outer two (the dew-claws) are much smaller and rarely if ever touch the ground. Apart from some domesticated forms, the males in all species have horns, and in many the females do, too. The size and shape of the horns vary greatly, but the basic structure is always a pair of simple bony protrusions without branches, often having a spiral, twisted or fluted form, each covered in a permanent sheath of keratin. The unique horn structure is the only unambiguous morphological feature of bovids that distinguish them from other pecorans.
Genera[]
Subfamily Bovinae
Tribe Boselaphini Genus Tetracerus Four-horned Antelope, Tetracerus quadricornis Genus Boselaphus Nilgai, Boselaphus tragocamelus Tribe Bovini Genus Bubalus Water Buffalo, Bubalus bubalis Carabao, Bubalus bubalis carabanesis Water Buffalo, Bubalus bubalis bubalis Wild Asian Water Buffalo, Bubalus arnee †Short-horned Water Buffalo , Bubalus mephistopheles †Cebu Tamaraw, Bubalus cebuensis Tamaraw, Bubalus mindorensis †European Water Buffalo, Bubalus murrensis Lowland Anoa, Bubalus depressicornis Mountain Anoa, Bubalus quarlesi Genus Bos Aurochs†, Bos primigenius Banteng, Bos javanicus Gaur, Bos gaurus Gayal, Bos frontalis Yak, Bos mutus, Bos grunniens Bos palaesondaicus†, Domestic Cattle, Bos taurus Domestic Zebu, Bos indicus Kouprey, Bos sauveli Genus Pseudoryx Saola, Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Genus Syncerus African Buffalo, Syncerus caffer Genus Bison American Bison, Bison bison European bison, Bison bonasus European bison, Bison bonasus bonasus Carpathian Wisent†, Bison bonasus hungarorum Caucasian Wisent†, Bison bonasus caucasicus Steppe Wisent†, Bison priscus Ancient Bison†, Bison antiquus Long-horned Bison†, Bison latifrons Genus Pelorovis† Tribe Strepsicerotini Genus Tragelaphus Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus Greater Kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros Kéwel, Tragelaphus scriptus Bushbuck, Tragelaphus sylvaticus Lesser Kudu, Tragelaphus imberbis Mountain Nyala, Tragelaphus buxtoni Nyala, Tragelaphus angasii Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekeii Genus Taurotragus Common Eland, Taurotragus oryx Giant Eland, Taurotragus derbianus
Subfamily Cephalophinae
Genus Cephalophus Abbott's Duiker, C. spadix Ader's Duiker, C. adersi Bay Duiker, C. dorsalis Black Duiker, C. niger Black-fronted Duiker, C. nigrifrons Brooke's Duiker, C. brookei Harvey's Duiker, C. harveyi Jentink's Duiker, C. jentinki Ogilby's Duiker, C. ogilbyi Peters's Duiker, C. callipygus Red-flanked Duiker, C. rufilatus Red Forest Duiker, C. natalensis Ruwenzori Duiker, C. rubidis Weyns's Duiker, C. weynsi White-bellied Duiker, C. leucogaster White-legged Duiker, C. crusalbum Yellow-backed Duiker, C. silvicultor Zebra Duiker, C. zebra Genus Philantomba Blue Duiker, P. monticola Maxwell's Duiker, P. maxwellii Walter's Duiker, P. walteri Genus Sylvicapra Common Duiker, S. grimmia
Subfamily Hippotraginae
Genus Hippotragus Roan Antelope, Hippotragus equinus Sable Antelope, Hippotragus niger Giant Sable Antelope, Hippotragus niger varani Bluebuck, Hippotragus leucophaeus Genus Oryx East African Oryx, Oryx beisa Scimitar Oryx, Oryx dammah Gemsbok, Oryx gazella Arabian Oryx, Oryx leucoryx Genus Addax Addax, Addax nasomaculatus
Subfamily Antilopinae
Tribe Antilopini Genus Ammodorcas Dibatag, Ammodorcas clarkei Genus Antidorcas Springbok, Antidorcas marsupialis Genus Antilope Blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra Genus Eudorcas Mongolian Gazelle, Eudorcas albonotata Red Gazelle, Eudorcas rufina † Red-fronted Gazelle, Eudorcas rufrifrons Thomson's Gazelle, Eudorcas thomsoni Heuglin's Gazelle, Eudorcas tilonura Genus Gazella Subgenus Deprezia Gazella psolea † Subgenus Gazella Arabian Gazelle, Gazella arabica † Indian Gazelle, Gazella benettii Queen of Sheba's Gazelle, Gazella bilkis † Dorcas Gazelle, Gazella dorcas Mountain Gazelle, Gazella gazella Saudi Gazelle, Gazella saudiya † Speke's Gazelle, Gazella spekei Japanese Gazelle, Gazella praegaudryi † Subgenus Trachelocele Cuvier's Gazelle, Gazella cuvieri Rhim Gazelle, Gazella leptoceros Goitered Gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa Genus Litocranius Gerenuk, Litocranius walleri Genus Nanger Dama Gazelle, Nanger dama Grant's Gazelle, Nanger granti Soemmerring's Gazelle, Nanger soemmerringii Genus Procapra Zeren, Procapra gutturosa Goa, Procapra picticaudata Przewalski's Gazelle, Procapra przewalskii Tribe Saigini Genus Saiga Saiga, Saiga tatarica Tribe Neotragini Genus Dorcatragus Beira, Dorcatragus megalotis Genus Madoqua Günther's Dik-Dik, Madoqua guntheri Kirk's Dik-Dik, Madoqua kirkii Silver Dik-Dik, Madoqua piacentinii Salt's Dik-Dik, Madoqua saltiana Genus Neotragus Bates's Pygmy Antelope, Neotragus batesi Suni, Neotragus moschatus Royal Antelope, Neotragus pygmaeus Genus Oreotragus Klipspringer, Oreotragus oreotragus Genus Ourebia Oribi, Ourebia ourebi Genus Raphicerus Steenbok, Raphicerus campestris Cape Grysbok, Raphicerus melanotis Sharpe's Grysbok, Raphicerus sharpei
Subfamily Caprinae
Tribe Ovibovini Genus Budorcas Takin, Budorcas taxicolor Genus Ovibos Muskox, Ovibos moschatus Tribe Caprini Genus Ammotragus Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia Genus Arabitragus Arabian tahr, Arabitragus jayakari Genus Capra Wild goat, Capra aegagrus Chiltan Ibex, Capra aegagrus chialtanensis Domestic goat, Capra aegagrus hircus West Caucasian tur, Capra caucasia East Caucasian tur, Capra cylindricornis Markhor, Capra falconeri Alpine Ibex, Capra ibex Nubian Ibex, Capra nubiana Spanish ibex, Capra pyrenaica Southeastern Spanish Ibex, Capra pyrenaica hispanica Siberian ibex, Capra sibirica Walia ibex, Capra walie Genus Hemitragus Himalayan tahr, Hemitragus jemlahicus Genus Ovis Argali, Ovis ammon Domestic sheep, Ovis aries American Bighorn Sheep, Ovis canadensis Dall Sheep, Ovis dalli European mouflon, Ovis musimon Snow sheep, Ovis nivicola Urial, Ovis orientalis Genus Nilgiritragus Nilgiri tahr, Nilgiritragus hylocrius Genus Pseudois Bharal (Himalayan blue sheep), Pseudois nayaur Dwarf blue sheep, Pseudois schaeferi Tribe Naemorhedini Genus Capricornis Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus Sumatran serow, Capricornis sumatraensis Taiwan serow, Capricornis swinhoei Chinese serow, Capricornis milneedwardsii Red serow, Capricornis rubidus Himalayan serow, Capricornis thar Genus Nemorhaedus Red goral, Nemorhaedus baileyi Chinese goral, Nemorhaedus griseus Grey goral, Nemorhaedus goral Long-tailed goral, Naemorhedus caudatus Genus Oreamnos Mountain Goat, Oreamnos americanus Harrington's Mountain Goat, Oreamnos harringtoni † Genus Rupicapra Pyrenean chamois, Rupicapra pyrenaica Chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra †Benicerus †Boopsis †Bootherium †Capraoryx †Caprotragoides †Criotherium †Damalavus †Euceratherium †Gallogoral †Myotragus †Oioceros †Lyrocerus †Makapania †Megalovis †Mesembriacerus †Neotragocerus †Nesogoral †Norbertia †Numidocapra †Olonbulukia †Pachygazella †Pachytragus †Palaeoreas †Palaeoryx †Paraprotoryx †Parapseudotragus †Parurmiatherium †Praeovibos †Procamptoceras †Prosinotragus †Protoryx †Pseudotragus †Samotragus †Sinocapra †Sinomegoceros †Sinopalaeoceros †Sinotragus †Sivacapra †Soergelia †Sporadotragus †Symbos †Tethytragus †Tossunnoria †Tsaidamotherium †Turcocerus †Urmiatherium
Subfamily Reduncinae
Genus Kobus Upemba lechwe, Kobus anselli Waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus Kob, Kobus kob Roberts' Lechwe, Kobus leche Nile lechwe, Kobus megaceros Puku, Kobus vardonii Genus Redunca Southern reedbuck, Redunca arundinum Mountain reedbuck, Redunca fulvorufula Bohor reedbuck, Redunca redunca
Subfamily Aepycerotinae
Genus Aepyceros Impala, Aepyceros melampus A. m. petersi, Black-faced impala A. m. melampus
Subfamily Peleinae
Genus Pelea
Grey rhebok, Pelea capreolus
Subfamily Alcelaphinae
Genus Beatragus Hirola, Beatragus hunteri Genus Damaliscus Topi, D. korrigum Korrigum, D. k. korrigum Topi, D. k. jimela Coastal topi, D. k. topi Tsessebe, D. lunatus Bontebok, D. pygargus Bontebok, D. p. pygargus Blesbok, D. p. phillipsi Bangweulu tsessebe, Damaliscus superstes Genus Alcelaphus Hartebeest, A. buselaphus Bubal hartebeest, †A. b. buselaphus Coke's hartebeest, A. b. cokii Lelwel hartebeest, A. b. lelwel Western hartebeest, A. b. major Swayne's hartebeest, A. b. swaynei Tora hartebeest, A. b. tora Red hartebeest, A. caama Lichtenstein's hartebeest, A. lichtensteinii Genus Connochaetes Black Wildebeest, C. gnou †Connochaetes gnou laticornutus †Connochaetes gnou antiquus Blue Wildebeest, C. taurinus Blue wildebeest C. t. taurinus Eastern white-bearded wildebeest C. t. albojubatus Cookson's wildebeest C. t. cooksoni Nyassaland wildebeest C. t. johnstoni Western white-bearded wildebeest C. t. mearnsi †Connochaetes taurinus olduvaiensis †Connochaetes africanus †Connochaetes gentryi †Megalotragus †Megalotragus kattwinkeli †Megalotragus priscus Beatragus †Beatragus antiquus Damaliscus †Damaliscus niro †Damalacra †Damalacra acalla †Parmularius †Parmularius pachyceras †Parmularius ambiquus †Parmularius pandatus †Parmularius atlanticus †Parmularius rugosus †Parmularius altidens †Parmularius angusticornis †Rabaticeras †Rabaticeras lemutai †Damalops †Damalops palaeindicus †Rhynotragus †Oreonagor †Oreonagor tournoueri †Parestigorgon †Rusingoryx
Subfamily Pantholopinae
Genus Pantholops Tibetan antelope,Pantholops hodgsonii